All Life Is Problem Solving

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The theory of evolution is similarly robust even if fine details have varying certainty.

Thus some assumptions seem to be less wrong than others, i.e. Still, the demarcation of science and non-science hinges on phrasing any claim in such a way that it can potentially be proven wrong, not turned into an accretion of supporting premises that is unbreakable simply because it is amorphous.

_'Never before has there been so many and such dreadful weapons in so many irresponsible hands.'__ - Karl Popper, from the Preface_ _All Life is Problem Solving_ is a stimulating and provocative selection of Popper's writings on his main preoccupations during the last twenty-five years of his life.

This collection illuminates Popper's process of working out key formulations in his theory of science, and indicates his view of the state of the world at the end of the Cold War and after the collapse of communism.

If we open any dictionary on the word "knowledge" we find all sorts of circularity and assumptions that knowledge is primarily empirically derived.

Popper's association of knowledge with expectation, or guessing, is a breakthrough in clarity.' Never before has there been so many and such dreadful weapons in so many irresponsible hands.' - Karl Popper, from the Preface All Life is Problem Solving is a stimulating and provocative selection of Popper's writings on his main preoccupations during the last twenty-five years of his life.This collection illuminates Popper's process of working out key formulations in his theory of science, and indicates his view of the state of the world at the end of the Cold War and after the collapse of communism.Popper's attitude to the demarcation of science from other intellectual endeavours is that scientific enquiry should have no expectation of reaching a destination of final truth but rather it is about asking things about the universe in such a way that any answer is capable of being modified (indeed capable of being falsified) if better evidence appears. Scientism, which positively declares truths, is not science..."scientifically proven" is a nonsense phrase that is unfortunately commonly used by laypersons and academics alike and distorts the value of the scientific method.Indeed, including and beyond science, all our knowledge is uncertain.این اولین نکته است.بنابراین ما باید بسیار متواضع باشیم.این دومین نکته است.دیگر اینکه نباید مدعی دانستن باشیم در حالی که چیزی نمی‌دانیم.The second part consists of talks and articles on other characteristic preoccupations of the late Karl Popper; the theory of liberty and democracy; whether there is a meaning in history; the significance of the collapse of communism; and the title piece on Popper's conception of life as a trial-and-error process of problem solving.From birth to death, humans spend our entire lives solving problems.Creationism and intelligent design arguments tend to be accretions of self-supporting dogma rather than a critical discourse.On a personal note I would suggest that a corollary of Popper's thought is not cynicism but an attitude of openness to the unexpected.