Selected Philosophical Essays

Each article of his was eagerly read and distributed in handwritten copies.Before long the authorities decided to cut short his activities, which, they realized, were highly dangerous to the tsarist regime.

The son of a priest, Chernyshevsky was born in Saratov in 1828, and stayed there till 1846.

After graduating from Saint Petersburg University in 1850, he taught literature at a gymnasium in Saratov.

In the summer of 1862, Chernyshevsky was arrested and flung into a dungeon in the Fortress of Peter and Paul.

In the fortress he produced his major work, the novel What Is To Be Done? After two years in the fortress, Chernyshevsky was sent to a penal camp in Siberia.

He became a confirmed socialist, determined to devote himself to the cause of the emancipation of his people.

Lenin wrote in 1901 of the powerful influence of "Chernyshevsky who knew how to bring up real revolutionaries even by censored articles." His influence rapidly grew and spread, particularly among the intellectual revolutionary-minded commoners.Please see the permission section of the page for details of the print & copy limits on our e Books.Born in Munich, Max Ferdinand Scheler was a pupil of Rudolf Eucken.Between 19, he published what is regarded as his major work, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, an ambitious attempt to articulate a phenomenology of ethical values.Scheler's conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1920 was widely interpreted as a manifestation of the spiritual and intellectual vitality of the church.) have been taken up in every period of Western philosophy and by many of the most important philosophical figures, such as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Descartes, and Kant.(We cannot undertake here a review of related discussions in other philosophical traditions.Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (1828-1889), educator, critic and revolutionary, was the son of a priest. After graduating from a theological seminary in 1846, he enrolled in the University of St. Here he spent four years during a period which may be described as perhaps the worst in the reactionary reign of Nicholas INikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (1828-1889), educator, critic and revolutionary, was the son of a priest. After graduating from a theological seminary in 1846, he enrolled in the University of St. Here he spent four years during a period which may be described as perhaps the worst in the reactionary reign of Nicholas I.It was then that his social and political views took shape - largely under the influence of the revolution of 1848 in Europe.Peter and Paul, where he wrote his famous novel What Is to Be Done?The novel was an inspiration to many later Russian revolutionaries, who sought to emulate the novel's hero, who was wholly dedicated to the revolution, ascetic in his habits and ruthlessly disciplined, to the point of sleeping on a bed of nails and eating only meat in order to build strength for the Revolution.